THE WATER AUTHORITY of Istanbul, which owns a biological wastewater treatment plant, serves a population of about 15 million people in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. To meet stricter environmental regulations, the Water Authority approached Marine Consultants Group (known as MCG) in the spring of 2017 to find a suitable product to provide adequate diffusion for their marine wastewater outfall.
Marine Consultant Group worked with Proco to design and engineer duckbill diffusers to accommodate outfall sewage from the treatment plant through an 87-inch-diameter steel pipe. The pipe extends 1.35 miles (2,230 meters) along the bottom of the ocean and discharges at about 154 feet below sea level.
There were several challenges Proco needed to keep in mind for this project. One concern was that diffusers and duckbill check valves might be damaged by passing marine vessels. To address this concern, Proco needed to determine the appropriate diffuser length, which in this project was about 741.5 feet at the furthest end of the 1.5-mile run on outfall pipe.
Previously, engineers and contractors were often required to blind flange some of the ports so that they would be functional with lower flow rates and opened to allow for future maximum flow rates. Maximum flow was calculated to handle requirements with a 20-year future outfall rate. However, the present flow rate will not be functioning at maximum output; as a result, Proco and MCG needed to design appropriately sized check valves to alleviate this concern.
INSTALLATION
MCG recommended that the Water Authority use the Proco ProFlex Style 710 duckbill check valves for this project, and each port discharge was equipped with two 10-inch-diameter (250 millimeter) duckbill check valves.
Duckbill valves are frequently used to prevent backflow in deep marine outfall/diffuser projects. The Proco ProFlex 710 duckbill check valves provided several advantages for this marine outfall. First, there was no need to blind cap some of the ports during the first years of operations. Second, the use of Proco ProFlex 710 duckbill check valves eliminates the need to blind flange ports since the lines can operate with full efficiency from the initial startup, which decreases maintenance and reduces diver time to add additional valves in the future.
Another benefit of using duckbill check valves for this project was to prevent saline intrusion into the line when there is no inlet pressure. Different head pressures between seawater and discharge water cause seawater to enter the line when there is low head pressure or when there is no inlet flow. If this backflow is not prevented, the ports may be blocked or plugged and marine life can enter the lines. As a result, the calculated and engineered dilution ratios will not be achieved.
Finally, duckbill check valves increase the jet velocity and provide a better dilution value than traditional flap gates, even with low flow rates.
In addition to these benefits, the Proco ProFlex Style 710 duckbill check valves’ highly engineered elastomer maintains its memory after a long period of staying open or staying in a closed position, and one of the biggest advantages of the elastomeric check valves is that they are 100% barnacle- and algae-resistant, which is an important feature for a saltwater project.
Proco’s engineering team also provided full assistance with supplying the head loss calculations.
RESULTS
Following the installation of the Proco ProFlex Style 710 duckbill check valves, the finished assembly was charged with air to allow buoyancy and was then dragged into a determined position and allowed to drop to the sea floor. This allowed the Proco 710 valves to become operational and allow the appropriate outfall diffusion through each of the 46 valves.
