The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals in late February upheld EPA's rule setting limits on the permissible level of radionuclides in drinking water. The regulation retains the existing standards for the radionuclides radium-226, radium-228, and certain beta/photon emitters, and establishes standards for uranium for the first time.
"This ruling upholds EPA's strong commitment to public health protection, public involvement, and sound science in undertaking any regulatory action," said EPA Assistant Administrator for Water G. Tracy Mehan III. "By reducing the public's exposure to radionuclides in drinking water, this administration is taking a major step toward protecting American's health."
"Today's decision is a victory in our efforts to protect the nation's drinking water supplies," said Tom Sansonetti, Assistant Attorney General of the Justice Department's Environment and Natural Resources Division. "The court's opinion affirms the administration's commitment to employing the best available science to protect the public from the dangerous health effects of radioactivity."
The court rejected all arguments raised by the petitioners (two trade associations and several municipal water systems), including claims that the drinking water standards set by EPA were not based upon the best available science. The court also rejected claims that EPA failed to perform required cost-benefit analyses for the drinking water standards and failed to adequately respond to comments submitted during the rulemaking process.
The rule requires that public water systems continue to treat drinking water to meet longstanding standards for radium-226, radium-228, and certain beta/photon emitters, and establishes a standard for uranium for the first time.
The standards are established to protect the public from the potential adverse health effects of radionuclides. Radionuclides emit "ionizing radiation," a known human carcinogen, as they decay. Long-term exposure to radionuclides in drinking water may cause cancer.
In addition to the standards themselves, the rule sets forth monitoring, reporting, and public notification requirements for radionuclides. EPA estimates that the rule will provide improved health protection for 420,000 people through monitoring improvements for the combined radium-226/-228 standard (a carcinogen) and for an additional 620,000 people through the new standard for uranium (a kidney toxin and carcinogen) in drinking water. The rule will be effective December 8, 2003.
The decision is captioned City of Waukesha v. EPA, and the court's opinion is available as an Adobe Acrobat (PDF) document at: http://pacer.cadc. uscourts.gov/docs/common/opinions/ 200302/01-1028a.pdf.
