An artist's rendering of the redesigned area of North Brooklyn, NY.
Click here to enlarge imageProjected developments were considered likely at 76 sites over a 10–year period, with a further 264 sites targeted for possible development. This, in two projected scenarios, was predicted to add over 7,300 dwellings to the area and over 250,000 square feet of commercial or retail space, as well as associated service space such as vehicle areas and manufacturing sites.
As part of preparing the proposal, consulting firm HydroQual was charged with modeling the impacts of the proposed developments using InfoWorks CS software, which the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) is currently using to develop its long–term CSO control plan.
Impact Statement
The resultant modeling became part of the rezoning project's Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), which covered all of the potential impacts on the area. This included a summary table showing, for every CSO outfall, the annual frequency and volume of overflows, both with and without the effects of the proposed rezoning.
In order to limit stormwater flows to within the existing sewer system's capacity, the NYCDEP required stormwater detention for all existing and proposed developments connecting to the area's combined sewer system wherever the site's storm flow would cause the system to exceed its capacity. Stormwater generated by new development on the waterfront could be discharged directly into the East River without detention, subject to New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and NYCDEP requirements.
For the FEIS, the modeling software was used to predict the frequency and volume of CSOs within the entire Newtown Creek service area (which also takes wastewater from parts of Manhattan and Queens) and to determine the pollutant loadings, if any, from those overflows. To obtain a cumulative assessment of CSOs from the entire drainage area, anticipated future developments (both with and without the proposed rezoning) and their impacts on dry weather sanitary flows were considered across the rezoning area, as well as other developments anticipated throughout the Newtown Creek wastewater treatment works service area.
Modeling
The volume of CSO overflow was calculated based on available precipitation data from the National Weather Service Central Park rain gauge for 1988, which was seen as a typical year. The model was set up and calibrated not under this project but under other CSO planning projects undertaken by HydroQual and Hazen & Sawyer for the NYCDEP.
The first steps in the original setup process involved obtaining drawings of the sewer system and its major components. These were reviewed to assess and incorporate those elements that could influence sewer performance.
In addition, infiltration/inflow drawings and regulator improvement program reports developed by the NYCDEP provided additional information on the sewer connections within individual regulator tributary areas and regulator chambers.